Research

How Much Do ChatGPT and Google Cite the Same Sites?

Across 198 questions in 30 niches, 13.5% of the domains ChatGPT cited also appeared in Google organic results (mean per question, 195 of 198 questions used). The mean Jaccard was 0.047.

Questions

198

Questions in 30 niches.

ChatGPT domains also in Google organic

13.5%

Mean per question, 195 of 198 questions used.

Jaccard

0.047

Mean per question, 195 of 198 questions used.

Google top results cited by ChatGPT

6.8%

Mean per question, 195 of 198 questions used.

ChatGPT domains in Google, pooled

114 of 989

ChatGPT-cited domains found in Google organic, pooled across questions (11.5%).

Domains used by both

134

Of 699 domains cited by ChatGPT and 1050 in Google organic.

What the numbers show

By question type, the share of ChatGPT-cited domains also in Google organic was 16.1% for general questions, 19.2% for medium and 8.5% for specific. The share of Google's top results that ChatGPT cited was 8.5%, 8.8% and 4.3%.

Pooled across questions, 114 of 989 ChatGPT-cited domains (11.5%) were in Google organic. 134 domains were used by both engines.

With the retrieved set (citations plus search sources, about 2.4 times larger than the cited set), the share of ChatGPT domains found in Google was 9.1% and the share of Google's top results covered was 10.3%.

Overlap by question type

Bars show, for each question type, the mean share of ChatGPT-cited domains also in Google organic and the mean share of Google's top results that ChatGPT cited.

ChatGPT and Google overlap by question typeFor all questions, 13.5% of ChatGPT-cited domains were in Google organic and 6.8% of Google's top results were cited by ChatGPT. General 16.1% and 8.5%, medium 19.2% and 8.8%, specific 8.5% and 4.3%.ChatGPT-cited domains also in Google organicGoogle top 10 domains ChatGPT citedAll questions13.5%6.8%General16.1%8.5%Medium19.2%8.8%Specific8.5%4.3%
GroupChatGPT-cited domains also in Google organicGoogle top 10 domains ChatGPT citedObservations
All questions13.5%6.8%195 / 195
General16.1%8.5%68 / 68
Medium19.2%8.8%44 / 44
Specific8.5%4.3%83 / 83

The same numbers are in the table below.

Main measures, ChatGPT cited pages

groupn (used / in group)JaccardChatGPT domains in Google anyin top 3in top 10Google top 10 cited by ChatGPT
all195 / 1980.04713.5%7.5%13.5%6.8%
general68 / 690.05616.1%9.7%16.1%8.5%
medium44 / 450.06419.2%9.0%19.2%8.8%
specific83 / 840.0318.5%4.9%8.5%4.3%
tech111 / 1120.05615.0%8.2%15.0%8.2%
non-tech84 / 860.03711.6%6.6%11.6%5.0%
tech / general36 / 360.05112.8%8.3%12.8%8.5%
tech / medium30 / 300.08424.4%11.1%24.4%11.5%
tech / specific45 / 460.04010.5%6.1%10.5%5.6%
non-tech / general32 / 330.06219.8%11.2%19.8%8.6%
non-tech / medium14 / 150.0227.9%4.4%7.9%2.9%
non-tech / specific38 / 380.0206.1%3.6%6.1%2.7%

Retrieved-set variant

groupn (used / in group)JaccardChatGPT domains in Google anyin top 3in top 10Google top 10 cited by ChatGPT
all196 / 1980.0509.1%4.9%9.1%10.3%
general68 / 690.06111.9%6.8%11.9%11.8%
medium45 / 450.05910.3%4.8%10.3%12.5%
specific83 / 840.0366.0%3.3%6.0%7.8%
tech111 / 1120.05610.4%5.7%10.4%11.6%
non-tech85 / 860.0427.3%3.8%7.3%8.5%
tech / general36 / 360.04910.6%7.0%10.6%10.5%
tech / medium30 / 300.07613.5%6.3%13.5%15.4%
tech / specific45 / 460.0488.1%4.3%8.1%10.0%
non-tech / general32 / 330.07413.4%6.7%13.4%13.2%
non-tech / medium15 / 150.0253.9%1.8%3.9%6.6%
non-tech / specific38 / 380.0233.6%2.1%3.6%5.2%

Retrieved means citations plus search sources.

The 25 domains both engines used most

#domainChatGPT QGoogle QChatGPT citesGoogle citestype
1zerobounce.net19143814giant
2appexchange.salesforce.com18132116giant
3salesforce.com9131017giant
4theknot.com86107directory/review site
5yelp.com514514directory/review site
6weddingwire.com5101112directory/review site
7usebouncer.com95105giant
8kickbox.com5656small provider own site
9reddit.com488492forum/UGC
10hunter.io410410giant
11github.com74134giant
12emailable.com6484small provider own site
13houzz.com4565giant
14millionverifier.com7373small provider own site
15mux.com43114giant
16crestcapital.com3343giant
17resend.com3353giant
18google.com262382Google Business Profile/maps
19clearout.io2727giant
20mailercloud.com6262giant
21help.salesforce.com4242giant
22irs.gov2444government/education
23threebestrated.com4242giant
24thumbtack.com2424giant
25verifalia.com2454giant

Counts are small throughout, so read the rows as a list, not as rates.

Method

ChatGPT answers come from DataForSEO's ChatGPT scraper, for 198 questions in 30 niches: 69 general, 45 medium and 84 specific, in 112 tech and 86 non-tech. Cited means the pages the answer cited. Retrieved means citations plus search sources.

Google organic results come from earlier SERP data, collected separately. Google returned a mean of 8.76 organic results per query. Domains are deduplicated by first appearance.

The comparison is per question, at domain level, across all source types. Jaccard is the overlap between the ChatGPT domains and the Google organic domains. The other measures are the share of ChatGPT domains found anywhere in Google organic and the share of Google's top results that ChatGPT cited. Cells are means over questions. Questions with an empty side are skipped.

Limits

  • Google data is the earlier SERP data and ChatGPT data is from DataForSEO, collected separately.
  • Google returned a mean of 8.76 results per query, so Google's top results are usually the whole list.
  • Questions with an empty side are skipped: 1 question had zero cited domains and 2 had zero Google organic domains.
  • Cells with fewer than 10 questions are flagged LOW N.
  • The top-domains table has small counts throughout (most under 10 questions), so read the rows as a list, not as rates.
  • The retrieved set is about 2.4 times larger than the cited set. The share of ChatGPT domains found in Google falls to 9.1%, and the share of Google's top results covered rises to 10.3%.
  • A check for non-American markers found them in 10 of 198 answers, and none read as geolocated outside the United States.
  • The comparison is at domain level, across all source types.
  • The first pass on earlier ChatGPT data had a mean Jaccard of 0.036 (n=171).

Download the data

The CSV files hold the figures behind the tables. Units are in the column names.

How to cite this study

Peak Answer, "ChatGPT and Google Overlap in Cited Sites", https://peakanswer.com/research/chatgpt-google-overlap.

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